Examining Side Effects of the Sputnik V COVID-19 Vaccine

Background: As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, many vaccines were developed to counter the disease, including the vector-based Sputnik V vaccine. This study aims to identify the side effects of the Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine in a medical center and compare the results with the previous reports. Methods: A questionnaire-based study was performed after the injection of the first and second doses of the vaccine to assess the side effects experienced by the participants. It was performed by reviewing similar previous studies. Results: Injection site pain, muscle pain, fever, fatigue, chills, and headache were the most common side effects of the vaccine. The incidence of major side effects decreased with age and was lower in men. In our study and others, the incidence of side effects was decreased in the second dose. In some studies, participants with a previous history of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARSCOV-2) infection developed more side effects, especially injection site pain, muscle pain, and fatigue. Conclusion: Most studies agree with our reported results. Serious side effects of this vaccine are rare and may be considered tolerable in adults.

Examining Side Effects of the Sputnik V COVID-19 Vaccine

Background: As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, many vaccines were developed to counter the disease, including the vector-based Sputnik V vaccine. This study aims to identify the side effects of the Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine in a medical center and compare the results with the previous reports. Method(s): A questionnaire-based study was performed after the injection of the first and second doses of the vaccine to assess the side effects experienced by the participants. It was performed by reviewing similar previous studies. Result(s): Injection site pain, muscle pain, fever, fatigue, chills, and headache were the most common side effects of the vaccine. The incidence of major side effects decreased with age and was lower in men. In our study and others, the incidence of side effects was decreased in the second dose. In some studies, participants with a previous history of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARSCOV-2) infection developed more side effects, especially injection site pain, muscle pain, and fatigue. Conclusion(s): Most studies agree with our reported results. Serious side effects of this vaccine are rare and may be considered tolerable in adults. Copyright © 2022 Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.

Infodemic Challenges During COVID-19 Pandemic and the Strategies to Deal with Them: A Review Article

Context: The phenomenon of infodemic following the outbreak of COVID-19 has led to several adverse public health consequences. Infodemic poses challenges at the community level, and identifying and adopting effective strategies against it can address many of these challenges. The present study aimed to determine the infodemic challenges of COVID-19 and the strategy to deal with them. Evidence acquisition: We searched PubMed and Scopus scientific databases using related keywords up to April 2022. The article selection process was based on the study's inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data extraction was carried out using a data extraction form. We analyzed the extracted data through the content analyses method. Results: We identified infodemic challenges from related studies and classified them into nine main categories. These challenges included social hazards, improper health behavior, and scientific hazards. Other results show that strategies to deal with COVID-19 and other similar conditions can be classified into seven main categories, including the active confrontation with centers and scientific sources, the effective intervention of health care professionals, responsible participatory actions, actions of governments and authorities, monitoring and identifying incorrect information, heightening people's awareness, and encouragement for vaccination. Conclusions: In this study, we identified and reported different coping strategies from all around the world that are very broad, and different countries and societies can use appropriate methods according to their situations and characteristics. Efforts to disseminate accurate information and prevent the propagation of incorrect information during a pandemic crisis can be vital.

Evaluation of diagnostic methods for the detection of Bovine Coronavirus and Rotavirus in faeces of diarrhoeic calves

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), immunochromatographic (ICG), and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods for the detection of rotavirus (RV) and bovine coronavirus (BCV). Faeces samples were collected from 90 diarrhoeic calves (male and female) up to one month of age and the immune response against RV and BCV infection was assessed by using AgELISA, ICG, and RT-PCR. To determine the performance and accuracy of each diagnostic method in comparison to the diagnostic gold standard (RT-PCR) method, different statistical tests including receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and concordance correlation were used. Results revealed the prevalence of RV and BCV and RV+BCV according to RT-PCR were equal to 8.89 (95% CI: 6.64-10.07), 14.44 (95% CI: 11.23-6.90), and 2.22 (95% CI: 0.89-3.72), respectively. The best agreement and the highest sensitivity and specificity were obtained between the RT-PCR and AgELISA (100% and 94.3%), and also the ICG test (95% and 94.3%) was less accurate method in comparison to ELISA method for identifying RV and BCV, but a good correlation and concordance between ICG diagnostic techniques and RT-PCR were observed. To put it in a nutshell, our results demonstrate that the AgELISA is the most accurate technique in comparison to RT-PCR, however the ICG assay can help improve the speed of diagnosis RV and BCV infections in dairy field. New scientific strategies for promoting accuracy and transparency of ICG-based technique in early diagnosis of the cause of calf diarrhoea should be used. Altogether, we suggest that positive ICG samples should be tested by AgELISA or RT-PCR techniques to avoid false results in farm animals.

Quality of care and mental health among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: results of a canonical correlation analysis

Background: Nurses have experienced severe psychological stress which seriously affected their mental health during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic due to exposure to numerous critically ill patients, increased working time, and their colleagues' disease or demise. Objectives: The present study aimed to examine clinical nurses' mental health status and elucidate its relationship with the quality of care provided by them.

A Lower 25(OH)D Level in COVID-19 Patients is Associated with Increased Mortality: An Observational Study

Background: Recent studies have shown that insufficient vitamin D supply is correlated with increase in COVID-19 cases and its mortality. Potentially, it may play an important role in controlling virus proliferation. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the association between serum vitamin D levels and clinical findings, and mortality rate in patients with COVID-19. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 COVID-19 patients referred or admitted to Loghman-e-Hakim Hospital of Tehran, Iran, from February to June 2020. After patient selection, demographic information of all patients was recorded. Eventually, the relationship between basic demographic and clinical findings with vitamin D levels in all patients was evaluated. Results: The mean Vit-D levels in intubated and non-intubated patients were 22.95 +/- 22.23 ng/mL and 21.64 +/- 29.2 0 ng/mL, respectively(P = 0.018). In most of the outpatients (46.7%), Vit-D levels were between 21 - 30 ng/mL, and 47.6% of admitted patients had Vit-D <= 20 ng/mL. The mean Vit-D level in survived patients was significantly higher than patients who died (28.2 +/- 21.18 ng/mL vs. 19.91 +/- 14.18 ng/mL, respectively;P = 0.021). While 34.2% (55 cases) of survived patients had Vit-D level >= 31 ng/mL, about 70% of death cases had Vit-D <= 20 ng/mL (P < 0.001). Conclusions: According to our results, vitamin D supplementation could be beneficial in COVID-19 patients. However, further comprehensive clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.